Hlau ua haujlwm yog ib qho kev tsim khoom uas cuam tshuam nrog kev ua cov khoom siv hlau; nws encompasses manufacturing processes xws li loj -scale industrial qhov chaw mus rau precision Cheebtsam thiab yog dav siv nyob rau hauv teb xws li mechanical manufacturing, automotive, aerospace, scientific research, fine arts, and handicrafts. Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb suav nrog cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj-xws li casting, forging, thiab dov- nrog rau kev txiav xws li tig, milling, thiab sib tsoo, thiab cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb xws li hluav taws xob tawm tshuab (EDM) thiab laser ua. Hmoov metallurgy, ib qho kev siv technology tshiab uas muaj peev xwm ua tiav "ze -net shape" tsim, muaj qhov zoo sib xws, nrog rau kev siv cov khoom siv raw zoo, kev txuag hluav taws xob, thiab kev phooj ywg ib puag ncig.
Tib neeg tau paub cov txuj ci ua tooj liab smelting thaum ntxov li 6,000 xyoo dhau los; Tshaj li 4,000 xyoo dhau los, lawv tau pib tsim cov cuab yeej tooj liab, thiab ntau dua 3,000 xyoo dhau los, lawv pib siv cov hlau meteoric los tsim riam phom. Thaum lub sij hawm Tuam Tshoj lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg, lub smelting ntawm cam khwb cia hlau yog technologically advanced-ua rau teb chaws Europe los ntawm ntau tshaj 1,800 xyoo. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm hlau thiab steel kev lag luam nteg lub hauv paus rau lub Industrial Revolution.
